Entry:avi

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Tovasala

avi
Multi-letter group A–E F–J K–O P–T U–Z
Alphabetical position A B CH D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z
Alphabetical group A B CH D E

avi a not comparable 1 / 4c ii a [/æ.vi/; a•vi (2 syll.)] Borrowed [Eng. have and Fr. avoir.]

1 : having been/done

avé ns, avo m, ava f, avous(e/o/a) du, avés/av(o/a)s pl [/æ.veɪ/; a•ve]
1 : has-been
avar v [/æ.vɑɹ/; a•var]
1 : to have been, to have done
Of highly irregular conjugation in the original French, and significantly less so with the English counterpart.

-av is used to conjugate verbs in the perfect aspect (e.g. Taumasina lanzavat vauldile ńaultaup lauflé [Thomasina has thrown the ball up in the air] and Benmankavisim nouchemu, nalhaiz? [We've eaten well tonight, haven't we?]). This always follows -aid- in statements with past participles (e.g. Motivaidavata [She has been encouraged]), and -ant in those with continuous verbs (e.g. Baustro tevigantavat saknamedlas verteremu [Buster has been training the red pandas fruitlessly]). Switching the order of -ant and av produces the equivalent of English "having done...", in which case -u must be added (e.g. Frolgiesmivieslavantu [Having whistled a happy tune...]).

As a standalone verb, it is also used as an interrogative auxiliary. Similar to haizar, it also denotes affirmation of a previous statement, as demonstrated in this exchange:

Moavveyyurittsera plajile nodemadu? (Visited the beach today?)
Sid, avim. (Yes, I have.)

-av mutates into -abb after another v: sauv + avsauvabbat (has been saved).

The English have also means "hold" (ten), "maintain"/"keep" (habenar), "own"/"possess" (zol), "take"/"partake of" (prendar), "must" (bouldostar; with "to"), and "give birth to" (tueldar).

Tovasala's Tense–aspect–mood (TAM) system
Tense
(Maurve)
-lurip (recent past) • -lur (simple past) • -lurel (discontinuous past) • -lureng (distant past) • -lir (future) • -luvir (future in the past)
Aspect
(Aspekte)
Prefixoids vasit (intentional) • tasiv (accidental)
Suffixoids av (perfect) • aubil (inchoative/inceptive) • abuim (expectative) • oajem (momentane) • ouhaum (frequentative) • aisom (completive) • aubel (cessative)
Suffixes -ant (continuous/progressive) • -asant (continuative) • -aij (prospective)
Mood
(Sindèle)
Prefixes voul- (desiderative) • soul- (volitive) • boul- (necessitative)
Suffixoids abil (potential) • esel (dubitative)
Suffixes -ar (infinitive) • -aik (conditional/subjunctive) • -ait (imperative) • -aibil (potential passive)
Indicatives
Person Number
Singular Dual Plural
1st (Inclusive) -im -isivim -isim
1st (Exclusive) -isiveum -iseum
2nd (Familiar) -it/-ot -isivit -isit
2nd (Honorable) -ut/-ump/-ulb -isivut -isut
3rd -at -isivat -isat
4th (Subject) -ealb -isivealb -isealb
4th (Object) -ealbem -isivealbem -isealbem
Interrogative -eak -isiveak -iseak
Interrogative (Personal) -eank -isiveank -iseank
Relative -eaj -isiveaj -iseaj
Relative (Personal) -eanj -isiveanj -iseanj
Added on: 2021-10-11, 11:11View semantic data